The Battle of Marathon in 490 BC saw the outnumbered Greeks defeat the Persians, preserving Greek independence and laying the foundation for Western civilization.
The Battle of Tours in 732 halted the Muslim conquest of Western Europe, ensuring the survival of Christianity and shaping the future of the continent.
At the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William the Conqueror's victory over Harold II of England changed the course of English history and established Norman rule.
In 1588, the Spanish Armada's defeat by the English navy secured England's naval dominance and marked the decline of Spanish imperial power.
The Battle of Stalingrad in 1942-1943 turned the tide of World War II in favor of the Allies, leading to the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.
The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 was a turning point in the American Civil War, halting Confederate advances into the North and paving the way for Union victory.